Ultrafast transitions from solid to liquid and plasma states of graphite induced by x-ray free-electron laser pulses.
نویسندگان
چکیده
We used photon pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser to study ultrafast x-ray-induced transitions of graphite from solid to liquid and plasma states. This was accomplished by isochoric heating of graphite samples and simultaneous probing via Bragg and diffuse scattering at high time resolution. We observe that disintegration of the crystal lattice and ion heating of up to 5 eV occur within tens of femtoseconds. The threshold fluence for Bragg-peak degradation is smaller and the ion-heating rate is faster than current x-ray-matter interaction models predict.
منابع مشابه
بررسی نرخ رشد یک لیزر الکترون آزاد با نوسان‌ساز لیزری و پس زمینه پلاسما
In this paper, a free-electron laser (FEL) growth rate with a laser wiggler in which plasma background is used to generate short wavelengths in x-ray regimes, has been investigated theoretically. A linearly polarized laser pulse, due to having short wiggler periods (inrange) is able to produce coherent radiations in x-ray regions and can be applied as a planar wiggler in a FEL. Phase velocity o...
متن کاملNanoscale femtosecond imaging of transient hot solid density plasmas with elemental and charge state sensitivity using resonant coherent diffraction
Here we propose to exploit the low energy bandwidth, small wavelength and penetration power of ultrashort pulses from XFELs for resonant Small Angle Scattering (SAXS) on plasma structures in laser excited plasmas. Small angle scattering allows to detect nanoscale density fluctuations in forward scattering direction. Typically, the SAXS signal from laser excited plasmas is expected to be dominat...
متن کاملX-Ray Probe Targets Interfaces
I nterfaces are what separate one material from another. We sense the world through interfaces, whether touching the surface of a table or seeing the light reflecting off the edge of a glass. Many other interfaces are less visible but still have a place in our lives. Modern solar cells consist of thin layers where interfaces play an important role for charge separation. Catalytic reactions for ...
متن کاملUltrafast X-ray diffraction in liquid, solution and gas: present status and future prospects.
In recent years, the time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique has been established as an excellent tool for studying reaction dynamics and protein structural transitions with the aid of 100 ps X-ray pulses generated from third-generation synchrotrons. The forthcoming advent of the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) will bring a substantial improvement in pulse duration, photon flux and coherence...
متن کاملDynamics of Ultrafast Phase Changes in Amorphous GeSb Films
The existence of nonthermal, ultrafast phase transitions after strong femtosecond laser excitation has been demonstrated in several materials such as silicon [1–3], gallium arsenide [3–6], indium antimonide [7], and carbon [8]. It is accepted that such transitions are induced by a softening of the lattice structure due to the generation of a very high density electron-hole plasma, as first prop...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Physical review letters
دوره 108 21 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012